Dietary Advice about Gaining Weight in a Healthy Way in Adults

This booklet will advise you which foods and drinks to include to help you put on weight and be healthy.

Introduction

your weight is low or you have lost a significant amount of weight and you wish to stop further weight loss, increasing the calorie and protein intake in your diet is essential.

If you have diabetes or heart diseases, it is advised to decrease the amount of saturated fat in your diet to reduce the risk of developing complications such as a heart attack or stroke. This is why it is important that you choose suitable foods to stay healthy.

What do I need to do?

Foods high in sugar and fat contain a lot of energy and can therefore help with weight gain. However, you should choose these wisely as some foods and drinks may be better than others.

To gain weight you need to be eating and drinking more calories than you are using up. If you have a poor appetite, it may be difficult to increase your portion sizes at meal times. Because of this, you will need to increase how often you eat and increase the calorie content of meals.

What else can I do to help myself?

To help gain weight in a healthier way, you can try adding the following to your diet:

• Starchy foods are healthier than sugary foods. Try to eat plenty of bread, potatoes, rice, pasta and cereals instead of chocolate, sweets and cakes. Serve extra bread with meals. If you struggle with these foods, include small portions of them and you could discuss suitable ways of cooking with your dietitian.

• Protein foods, aim to eat three portions of high protein foods every day. Sources include meat, fish, eggs, nuts, beans, pulses, soya, tofu, quinoa and dairy foods (milk, yoghurt, cheese).

• Fat contains a lot of calories and can help with weight gain.  There are different types of fat and having too much fat (especially saturated fat) can raise your blood cholesterol levels and increase your risk of coronary heart disease.

* Oily fish such as mackerel, salmon, herring, trout, pilchards or sardines. These are rich in omega-3 fatty acids and can be tinned or frozen for convenience. The body cannot produce omega-3 fatty acid, therefore needs to be obtained from diet*

• Unsaturated fats are a healthier choice. Try to include foods high in these types of fat rather than saturated fat.

• Continue to follow the recommendations for a healthy balanced diet but eat as much as you feel comfortable with at meal times.

• Snack in-between meals and before bedtime. Healthy snacks ideas are provided later in the leaflet.

• Replace drinks of tea or coffee with nutritious drinks such as a glass of milk, milky drinks, and fruit smoothies or fruit juice. Be aware that smoothies and fruit juice will be high in sugar, which will increase your blood glucose levels. Try to stick to a 150ml portion or less.

What if I have a poor appetite?

You should try to:

• Eat little and often throughout the day and aim to have three small meals plus two to three nourishing snacks in between. Attempt to eat something small every 2 to 3 hours as larger meals can be overwhelming. Try not to get out of the habit of eating.

• On days when your appetite is good, try to eat whenever you feel hungry.

• Eat your biggest meal earlier in the day when you have more energy. Your last meal of the day could be a simple sandwich or cereal with milk.

• Have your drink after meals rather than before or with meals. This may help if you feel full easily. Having drinks with your meals may be filling you up, which may stop you from finishing your meal.

• Have nourishing drinks between meals as this can be a simple way of increasing calorie intake, options include milk, milky coffee, hot chocolate, milkshake, malted drinks (such as Horlicks or Ovaltine), enriched soups. Opt for low sugar options if you have diabetes.

How can I make the food I eat higher in calories?

You can try by:

• Using enriched milk. Add 2 to 4 tablespoons of skimmed milk powder to 1 pint of milk** and whisk well. Use this milk in place of ordinary milk as a drink, in cooking, on cereals and in tea and coffee.

• Adding plant-based margarine to vegetables and potatoes. Use it also to spread generously on toast or bread.

• Adding jam, honey, dried fruit, unsalted nuts and seeds (for example, almonds, cashews, hazelnuts) to cereal and desserts.*
  
  *Be careful with high sugar foods such as jam or honey if you have diabetes.

• Using plant-based oils (for example olive or rapeseed) for frying and add extra in cooking (for example in stir-fries, curries, mince).

• Adding cheese** to potatoes, soups, vegetables, pasta, and omelettes.

• Using plain yoghurt** instead of cream, (for example, in soups and sauces).

• Adding skimmed milk powder to sauces, soups and desserts.

• Add avocado to smoothies, use as a dip or as a spread on toast or sandwiches.

• Use hummus as a dip for bread or vegetable sticks.

Meal Suggestions:

Breakfast

• Wholegrain breakfast cereal or porridge with milk.* Add fruit (e.g. dried raisins or banana), nuts (e.g. walnuts or almonds) and seeds (e.g. linseed or pumpkin seeds) to add more calories.

• Toast, crumpets or teacakes with olive or sunflower spread, jam*, marmalade*, honey* or cheese spread*.

• Beans/tomatoes on toast. Lean bacon can be included occasionally.

• Boiled/scrambled/poached egg on toast.

• Kippers with toast.

• Yoghurt or fromage frais* with fruit or muesli.

Light Meal Options

• Soup (homemade or tinned). Serve with bread or crackers.

• Beans or egg (scrambled, poached or boiled) on toast.

• Sardines, pilchards or mackerel on toast.

• Wholemeal or granary sandwich with any of the following:
  – Tuna or egg with low fat mayonnaise or salad cream.
  – Lean ham or chicken salad.
  – Cheese and pickle.
  – Tinned Salmon.

• Small jacket potato with any of the following fillings:
  -Tuna with low fat mayonnaise.
  -Beans
  -Cottage cheese.
  -Vegetable chilli or chilli made with lean mince.

• Omelette (e.g. ham and tomato). Serve with bread.

• Crackers with hummus.

Main meal options

• Shepherd’s pie made with lean mince served with vegetables.

• Lean beef, chicken or meat alternative casserole with added potatoes and vegetables.

• Spaghetti bolognaise made with lean mince.

• Pasta with lean bacon/tuna/chicken, vegetables and tomato based sauce topped with cheese**.

• Ready meal** served with bread and extra vegetables.

• Chicken/beef curry or lentil dahl with rice or chapattis.

Desserts

• Custard** with plain sponge.

• Yoghurt or fromage frais* with fruit.

• Jelly and fruit with ice cream.*

• Sorbet.

**Discuss with your Dietitian about whether high-fat options are suitable for you.

Many processed foods are high in salt, therefore you should try to limit processed options and choose reduced-salt varieties of all foods where possible.

Please contact your GP or healthcare professional for more information.

Information used in the development of this leaflet

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2017) Nutrition support in Adults: oral nutritional support, enteral tube feeding and parenteral nutrition NICE guideline (CG32).

• National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, Nutrition support in adults, Quality standard [QS24] Published date: 30 November 2012. https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/qs24

• The British Association for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition, ‘Food First/Food Enrichment’, BAPEN [website], © 2024 https://www.bapen.org.uk/education/nutrition-support/nutrition-by-mouth/food-first-food-enrichment/   (Accessed 9th October 2024)

• Alison Smith, Elaine Lane, Vittoria Romano, Simone Roberts and Deepa Kariyawasam. ‘Spotting and Treating Malnutrition’. British Dietetic Association © July 2022, review date July 2025, https://www.bda.uk.com/resource/malnutrition.html (Accessed 15th October 2024)

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